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HTTP - Methods

The set of common methods for HTTP/1.1 is defined below and this set can be expanded based on requirements. These method names are case sensitive and they must be used in uppercase.

S.N. Method and Description
1 GET

The GET method is used to retrieve information from the given server using a given URI. Requests using GET should only retrieve data and should have no other effect on the data.

2 HEAD

Same as GET, but transfers the status line and header section only.

3 POST

POST请求用于使用HTML表单向服务器发送数据,例如客户信息,文件上传等。

4

使用上传的内容替换目标资源的所有当前表示。

5 删除

删除由URI给出的目标资源的所有当前表示。

6 CONNECT

建立通过给定URI标识的服务器的隧道。

7 选项

描述目标资源的通信选项。

8 跟踪

沿着目标资源的路径执行消息循环测试。

GET方法

GET请求通过指定请求的URL部分中的参数从Web服务器检索数据。这是文档检索的主要方法。以下示例使用GET方法来获取hello.htm:

GET /hello.htm HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
Host: www.vue5.com
Accept-Language: en-us
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: Keep-Alive

针对上述GET请求的服务器响应如下:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:28:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Win32)
Last-Modified: Wed, 22 Jul 2009 19:15:56 GMT
ETag: "34aa387-d-1568eb00"
Vary: Authorization,Accept
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 88
Content-Type: text/html
Connection: Closed
<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
</body>
</html>

HEAD方法

HEAD方法在功能上类似于GET,但是服务器使用响应行和头部进行回复,但没有实体身份。以下示例使用HEAD方法来获取有关hello.htm的头信息:

HEAD /hello.htm HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
Host: www.tutorialspoint.com
Accept-Language: en-us
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: Keep-Alive

针对上述GET请求的服务器响应如下:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:28:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Win32)
Last-Modified: Wed, 22 Jul 2009 19:15:56 GMT
ETag: "34aa387-d-1568eb00"
Vary: Authorization,Accept
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 88
Content-Type: text/html
Connection: Closed

您可以注意到这里的服务器在头后不发送任何数据。

POST方法

当您想要向服务器发送一些数据时使用POST方法,例如文件更新,表单数据等。以下示例使用POST方法将表单数据发送到服务器,该数据将由process.cgi,最后将返回一个响应:

POST /cgi-bin/process.cgi HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
Host: www.tutorialspoint.com
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 88
Accept-Language: en-us
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: Keep-Alive
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<string xmlns="http://clearforest.com/">string</string>

服务器端脚本process.cgi处理传递的数据并发送以下响应:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:28:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Win32)
Last-Modified: Wed, 22 Jul 2009 19:15:56 GMT
ETag: "34aa387-d-1568eb00"
Vary: Authorization,Accept
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 88
Content-Type: text/html
Connection: Closed
<html>
<body>
<h1>Request Processed Successfully</h1>
</body>
</html>

PUT方法

PUT方法用于请求服务器将包含的实体体存储在给定URL指定的位置。以下示例请求服务器将给定的实体男孩保存在服务器根目录的hello.htm中:

PUT /hello.htm HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
Host: www.tutorialspoint.com
Accept-Language: en-us
Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-type: text/html
Content-Length: 182
<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
</body>
</html>

服务器会将给定的实体存储在hello.htm文件中,并将以下响应发送回客户端:

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:28:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Win32)
Content-type: text/html
Content-length: 30
Connection: Closed
<html>
<body>
<h1>The file was created.</h1>
</body>
</html>

删除方法

DELETE方法用于请求服务器在给定URL指定的位置删除文件。以下示例请求服务器删除服务器根目录下的给定文件hello.htm

DELETE /hello.htm HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
Host: www.tutorialspoint.com
Accept-Language: en-us
Connection: Keep-Alive

服务器将删除所提到的文件hello.htm,并将以下响应发送回客户端:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:28:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Win32)
Content-type: text/html
Content-length: 30
Connection: Closed
<html>
<body>
<h1>URL deleted.</h1>
</body>
</html>

CONNECT方法

客户端使用CONNECT方法通过HTTP建立与Web服务器的网络连接。以下示例请求与主机tutorialspoint.com上运行的Web服务器的连接:

CONNECT www.tutorialspoint.com HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)

与服务器建立连接,并将以下响应发送回客户端:

HTTP/1.1 200 Connection established
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:28:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Win32)

选项方法

客户端使用OPTIONS方法来查找Web服务器支持的HTTP方法和其他选项。客户端可以指定OPTIONS方法的URL或星号(*)来引用整个服务器。以下示例请求在tutorialspoint.com上运行的Web服务器支持的方法列表:

OPTIONS * HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)

服务器将根据服务器的当前配置发送信息,例如:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:28:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Win32)
Allow: GET,HEAD,POST,OPTIONS,TRACE
Content-Type: httpd/unix-directory

TRACE方法

TRACE方法用于将HTTP请求的内容回传给可在开发时用于调试目的的请求者。以下示例显示了TRACE方法的用法:

TRACE / HTTP/1.1
Host: www.tutorialspoint.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)

服务器将发送以下消息以响应上述请求:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:28:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Win32)
Connection: close
Content-Type: message/http
Content-Length: 39

TRACE / HTTP/1.1
Host: www.tutorialspoint.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)